Pope Francis’ Synod; No Consensus, Lots of Discontent

All parties to the Synod on Family Issues had their own views as to what should result from the two-week conference.  Unfortunately, no two attendees had the same views.  Even more unfortunate was no two could agree to a middle ground on any issue.  For every hopeful interim statement there was a chorus of dissenting views.

The Synod has ended, the follow-up Synod will convene next October with the Pope wishing that thoughtful introspection will bring more consensus building towards a more positive outcome.  Yeah.  Good luck with that.  The weight of history, the course of conservatism and the fear of change is preventing open discussion from leading to a more positive solution or manner of dealing with modern life.  If the Church cannot change the course of modern life, and if modern life cannot change the Church, then the two must separate.  Let us look at a progressed daily angles chart for Oct. 18th, 2014 derived from the 2013 Solar Return.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This chart is produced using RIYAL software which permits the daily chart’s angles to orient the chart with transits on the outside, natal planets re-orientated within the inner wheel.  To understand the Pope’s reaction to this week’s results, note the following:

• n/Venus opposed to the Asc., t/Venus opposed to the MC; This doubled up pairing shows that ‘harmony’ with others is difficult to achieve, that a new start for the goals and future of the Church is difficult to achieve.
• t/Sun opposed to the MC; a new start seems unlikely even though this is often a pattern for change and new developments.
• t/Mars conjoins n/Sun-n/N.Node while n/Mars is conjoined by t/N.Node and t/Mercury.  Another doubled-up pattern where ideals and core beliefs (Sun) is attacked-discussed (Mars) while one’s established presence/stance (n/Mars) is subject to discussion by associates (Mercury, N.Node).

The chart reflects the reality but does not provide solutions.  Dave

Added comments: I had finished this post very late last evening and didn’t feel that I had made all of the observations that I might have had in mind.  In my view, the Pope might be feeling a bit disappointed in the Synod group for not being able to come to some sort of consensus as a start to continuing exploration of how to bring the modern world and the timeless Church together — or at least closer.  It was in that vein of thought that I noted the planets as “being in opposition to the Asc. or to the MC points.”  When one has to consider Venus as not relating to love or balancing, etc., but has not being able to reach out to another or achieve a balance, then I thought that casting Venus as being in an OPPOSITION pattern would emphasize that.

Now, it may be that Pope Francis, being familiar with Church politics, is quite aware that a Synod of Family Issues would initially fail, and may continue to be “less than satisfactory” for the near future.  He may be trying to accomplish a “softening of the church’s stance” in the eyes of the membership without changing the nature of the Church’s teachings.  I just thought that I would add these views.  I had expected to see stronger roles for Saturn as a symbol of conservatism and resistance to change, but that is not so.  Dave.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Francis; Some Cardinals Rebel

Tuesday, Oct. 14, 2014: Cardinals offer a Conservative push back against a conciliatory statement yesterday in which questions were offered asking about accepting the gay community in a more open way. Let me quote CNN’s John Sutter, “The current middle ground — with church leaders saying “homosexuals have gifts and qualities to offer the Christian community,” but not fully embracing them as equal humans in the church and under the law — is unsustainable and dangerous.”  This illustrates the perilous issues being raised by the Synod on Family Issues.  How can the Church move forward?  Should it hold its position on issues which are costing it in terms of membership and support?

Let us look at a t/Moon-opposite-n/Sun Cyclic chart for Pope Francis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Two notable patterns are immediate seen in this chart; t/PoF-MC opposite n/Pluto and n/Pof-Desc conjoined by t/Saturn.  A doubled-up PoF is a sure sign of chaos and problems not resolvable at this moment.  Lets look at each angular pattern.  t/PoF-MC opposite n/Pluto clearly defines the Pope’s intent to change the direction of the Church, while the n/Pluto defines a recognized power struggle in terms of him knowing the ramifications of what the Synod has to face.  The t/Saturn at the Desc. angle conjoining his n/PoF denotes his calculated plan to explore change for the greater church body.   From the t/MC-opp-n/Pluto pattern we can astrologically hopscotch over to n/MC opposite t/Pluto — a doubled up Pluto, a doubled up MC.  There is a huge, can I say “HUGE” power struggle going on.

All of this fits with the nature of t/Moon in the 2nd opposing n/Moon in the 8th.  The “theme” for this placement is “Managing investments brings conflicts if one strays from areas of expertise.  Confidence to be shown in the face of competition.  Emotions to be kept in check.  Others may show stress, you have to show assuredness. Drawing upon own resources.  Managing your public face.  Conflict in/over values.”  In this case “managing investments” refers to the Church’s established and developed doctrine.  The Pope is playing a long-term and careful game.  Various constituencies within the Church will have their say, their vote, but not necessarily their way in the end.

Let us now move to today, Oct. 14, the date the rebuke by some Cardinals to the statements of yesterday was made.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

t/Saturn-Desc. conjoins n/PoF;  a conservative plan reacts to change.  n/Pluto remains near the IC angle without company from another planet.  Note that t/PoF (a ‘trigger’) conjoins n/Venus-n/Moon.  The natal chart pattern of Moon-Venus square Uranus points to a love of the people as a defining part of Francis’ identity.  Other non-angular triggers would be the t/Moon and t/Sun; t/Moon conjoins n/MC (invoking a public platform) and t/Venus-t/Sun-t/N.Node conjoining n/Mars; his core focus (Sun) of loving (Venus) people (N.Node)  provides him with a sense of strong presence and confidence (n/Mars).  So, the charts reflect the reality.  Isn’t that nice?

t/Moon-to-n/Sun Cyclic charts reflect the attempts to maintain or restore balance in our life when life brings change.  These charts build upon the strongest astrological foundations we have.  Permit me to quote Dane Rudhyar, from his “A New Type of Lunation Guidance” available on-line at the Rudhyar Archival Project.

“Life is an interplay between two polarities or forces.  One releases energy (light, heat and other less-known types of radiations); it is the Sun.  The other distributes this solar energy wherever it is needed to meet the demands of a living organism striving to maintain, reproduce and expand or transform itself in its earthly environment; it is the Moon.  The Moon alters its counternace, symbolically speaking, because the needs of the organism constantly change.  The organism has not only to face ever-renewed challenges in its environment or outer life; it also must grow from within, unfold its powers and faculties, mature — and eventually decay.”

It is useful to refresh our mind and recollection of the basic forces that seem to empower our astrological practices and the magic of our charts.  These types of charts are so easy to use and so wonderfully descriptive of one’s life, within the context of that life, that they bring constant amazement to me.  I hope each of you enjoy them as much as I do.  Dave.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Francis; In A Brave New World, Part One.

The Pope had a world-wide survey conducted in 2013 to determine the interests and issues most important to Catholics.  As a result of that survey a Family Issues Synod has been convened in Rome attended by various levels of clergy and lay people.  A wide range of highly controversial subjects will be addressed.  The topics, the nature of discussion, and any resulting changes will likely mean great changes within the Church of Rome over the coming years.

As of Friday, October 10th, 2014 two astrological cycles have converged to emphasize the changes initiated by this Pope.  This posting will examine his 2013 p.c. Solar Return chart and Progressed Daily Angles chart.  The next posting will examine his t/Moon-n/Sun Return and diurnally advanced chart.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Popes p.c. 2013 Solar Return (Dec. 18, 2013) is located for Rome Italy.

• Most notable is n/Asc. at sr/IC. ‘Personal Prediction’ notes “Life will take a new turn this year, offering changed conditions to which you will have to adapt to.  \Plans and projects are either started earlier than expected or delayed.  Others will be available to help or need to have their issues considered.”  This is fully appropriate to this Synod’s purpose. Any discussion will raise an issue to a level that cannot be ignored, but which must be addressed in some way.
• n/Mars and t/Mars bracket the IC. Mars represents the “presence” of the Pope in terms of him being the force that has initiated this moment in time.  With n/Mars in the relocated-to-Rome natal first house, we find an activist personality.  The advancing IC angle has contacted t/Mars this past week, activating the expectations and spirit of the Synod.  t/Mars-n/Asc. opposite t/Uranus-MC indicates the radical nature of this highly public joint gathering.
• n/Pluto-Asc. opposed t/Venus-Desc. This combination indicates that the heart and love of his Church will be subjected to fundamental and irrevocable change which he has instituted.  We must take this chart, this period, these actions very seriously.

If we play astrological hopscotch with n/Pluto, we find t/Pluto opposite t/Moon.  Both Moon and Sun play the role of triggers in these cyclic charts.  The public (Moon) is fully geared up (opposition) to deal with possible widespread social change (Pluto).  Given that the sr/Asc. conjoins n/Pluto and the n/Asc. is at the sr/IC angle, there is no mistake about a basic new force of change being let loose within the Church.

The Progressed Daily Angles Chart for Oct. 10th, 2014 is shown below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In the 9½ months since his Solar Return, the angles have advanced and have just about returned to their Solar Return position.  The theme of the Solar Return is about to be fulfilled at this cyclic point.  Consequently, we find n/Pluto again at the Asc. angle and n/Asc. again at the IC angle.  Let us look at the differences.

• t/Venus-IC opposite t/Uranus-MC; the harmony of the Church and its representatives will be highlighted. Can t/Uranus define the individuality of this collective moment?  Or will individual biases created conflict?
• t/Sun in the 4th conjoins t/N.Node-n/Mars; The Sun represents the guiding spirit of the Pope, united with his wide-audience associates comprising the Synod membership. His will and intent (Sun) and forceful presence and commitment (Mars) will cause discussion, resolve, actions to be considered.

What is likely to happen in the next few days?  t/Mars will overtake n/N.Node, energizing the t/N.Node-n/Mars pattern just discussed.  Over this weekend, t/Sun will contact n/Mars, adding the Pope’s personal energy to the force of discussion.  t/Moon is in opposition to t/Saturn (a classical family issues pattern) indicating that resolution of some issues just has to be accomplished.  Anything less will wreck the Church.  Anything more will also change the Church.  Wreckage or change — which is preferable?  The Pope has launched his Church into a brave new world.

In the next posting I will use t/Moon-to-n/Sun Returns to examine this same date.

Given the nature of this event, an event not covered by the news in the U.S., astrologers have a major new development to track in this highly active papal administration.  This writer is not Catholic but I do recognize the magnitude of what this Pope is doing.  Dave

 

Pope Francis’ House Cleaning Is Underway

Pope Francis has charmed much of the world with his down-to-earth manner, but he has also shown himself to be a tough and pragmatic manager.  Since his installment as Pope he has re-shaped Church policy in several areas and has made corruption a top-priority target.

Italian newspapers yesterday reported that Monsignor Nunzio Scarano, dubbed “Monsignor 500” for his preference of  his favored banknote denomination, was arrested for money laundering through the Vatican’s Institute for Religious Works.  This man had already been arrested once in June for improprieties.  Over the past several years some seven million euros had passed through his personal accounts — a great deal of money for one who is essentially an unpaid priest. The Church had been conducting its own investigation as well as vigorously supporting the Italian Police.  Policy-from-the-top has its consequences — this Pope must be taken very seriously.

So, what can we expect to see in Pope Francis’ Progressed Daily Angles chart for this date, Jan. 21, 2014, relating to the effect of his policies within the Church?  The Pope is the Church.  The Black Moon Lilith is on the IC angle, a chart factor which I do not normally use or pay any attention to.  I will therefore use information provided by Joëlle de Gravelaine in “Lilith und das Loslassen”, Astrologie Heute Nr. 23, in part . . .

The Dark Moon relates us to sacrifice and letting go.  Some form of castration or frustration is involved.  This is often found in areas of desire (including greed and self-interests).   The Dark Moon points to our questioning of our principles, lives, beliefs — giving us the opportunity to both shedding what needs to be shed without concern for our public image.  Through this approach, one might become more in tune with the universe.

Transiting Neptune is on the Descendant Angle, deceit by another is the best contextual interpretation for this pattern.  The Pope’s relocated natal Ascendant is in the second house of this daily chart — his basic view of life will be affected by events involving money.  Normally, Siderealists and those using precession-corrected Solar Returns use only the angular houses for interpretive purposes.  I have found that other factors in the charts can lend great supportive detail — the natal Asc. and MC, the use of astrological hopscotch relationships, and the Co-Descendant (which I haven’t referred to in the last several posts). In this case, the Co-Descendant (the arc of the Asc.-to-MC projected towards the Descendant area of the chart) is at 21 Aquarius, close to t/Mercury.  This indicates that the news of another’s activities will intrude into the Pope’s life this date.  The Co-Descendant is always seen as an “intrusion by external events or people.”  

So, this man continues through his statements, actions and policies to be a newsmaker.

Dave.

 

 

 

 

Pope Francis: 2nd Step On A Short Ladder

In December of 1996, Jorge Mario Bergoglio became a Priest.  29 years later he was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Buenos Aires.   Between these dates he had held other positions, one of them as Rector for the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel.  He was building a solid set of credentials for himself.  He was established within the Church hierarchy.  We will look at his p.c. Solar Return for 1996 and his Progressed Daily Angles chart for June 3, 1997, the day of his appointment.  In these two charts we will see similar planets show up at the MC-IC axis of these two charts — an indication that the daily chart completes the promise of the Solar Return.

• n/Jupiter is on the Asc.; Long sought opportunities seem to now be possible.
• n/Asc. opposes the Asc.; There will be an interchange between two people who will affect his life and person.
• n/Saturn opposes n/Neptune on the IC-MC axis;  This year will enable him to build a bridge between a vision and concrete results.  This will be part of his year’s work, bringing him the opportunity to enact perceived needs.
• t/Mars in the 10th squares t/Sun & n/Sun and n/N.Node in the 12th; This is likely to a behind-the-scenes opportunity working direct with authorities in the church to benefit others (members) in the Church.

So, we have a Solar Return promising an opportunity to work behind the scenes bringing a vision into reality, an opportunity given him by another (with whom he had probably shared his wishes for a project).  We will now look at the date of his appointment.

Jorge Mario Bergoglio, a Priest, a Rector (director) became a Coadjutor Archbishop on June 3, 1997, appointed by the Archbishop.

• Remembering n/Saturn opposite n/Neptune on the IC-MC axis of the Solar Return, we note in this chart that t/Saturn is at the MC and opposes n/Mars.  His industriousness and self-discipline is apparently part of the reason for his appointment.
• t/Sun opposes the n/Saturn-opposite-n/Neptune pattern; The t/Sun, representing authority figures, now has to struggle with this inner vision and program (n.Saturn-n/Neptune) which was made possible by his boss (Sun-Jupiter on Desc.).
• t/Venus at the Asc., opposite n/Sun, n/N.Node, n/Jupiter;  This man is highly regarded (Venus at Asc.) by his friends within the Church (Sun, N.Node, Jupiter).

Would you be able to predict this appointment ahead of time.  The symbols are there.  It is hard to imagine doing so ahead of time, yet the chart shows it.  From this type of chart, it may be best to just study and learn.  It may not be the charts, the astrology, it may be us who are not up to the task.  What we can learn from these two charts is that the Solar Return should not be ignored.  We should look for its angular planets to show up (in natal or transiting form) in significant daily charts.  A good lesson.  Dave

Pope Francis: The Start of His Career

Every story starts somewhere.  This story started long before Jorge Mario Bergoglio, who would later become Pope Francis, was ordained a priest in the Roman Catholic Church.  However, we don’t have accurate dates for many of those events, so this story starts on Dec. 13, 1969.  The photo shown here depicts a young adult, inclined in his stance with a smile on his face.  This photo may or may not be a photo on the day of his ordination but it provides a sense of him early in his life.   In most of his Solar Return and Progressed Daily Angle charts the MC angle is shown to be important — the MC representing his career, calling, his sense of self-direction and striving.  This post will present his p.c. Solar Return and daily chart.

This precession corrected Solar Return for 1968 occurred almost a full year ahead of his ordination as a Priest.  There are several significant angular patterns that tell his story in this chart.  n/Asc. at the MC.  Personal Prediction notes this as meaning “How you typically view life and deal with it has to now be faced, proven or changed . . . different circumstances and chosen life directions.”  Also notable is t/Mars and n/Mars at the Asc. angle; this doubled-up Mars symbolism represents his presence, his stance in life.  Mars is not always an indication of anger, fighting, hurting, physical action.  It often is, but it doesn’t always work out in immediate physical action.  Mars can be a committed step. an action of the mind.  n/Mercury at the IC seems to amplify this decision of the mind by indicating thoughts about a new phase in his life., a reorientation of the mind.

Now, we need to look at the date of his Ordination.

When we look for angular activity in this Progressed Daily Angles chart for the date of his Ordination as a Priest, Dec. 13, 1969.  In the intervening span of time since the Solar Return, the MC has traveled from 11 Cancer to 6 Libra.  This is not an arc movement of 85 degrees, but an advance of 360 plus 85 degrees, or 445 degrees!  As Cyril Fagan pointed out in his Primer on Sidereal Astrology, the MC moves from one Solar Return to the next a total of some 450 degrees, the rate of advance being about 1.25 degrees per day.  We can see that this event occurs 5 days before his next Solar Return or 360 days after his last Solar Return.

In this daily chart we find one angular placement, t/Uranus at the MC.  Uranus does symbolize sudden change and personal upheaval, the cognition of a striking new idea.  This far out planet also represents part of our individuality and uniqueness, the part of us that rises out of nowhere/somewhere when we need to rise above our normal self to meet unique circumstances.

Not angular, we note t/Saturn conjoining n/MC and n/Uranus in the 4th house.  If we were just looking at transits to the natal chart, and not looking at those transits as part of a cyclic chart, this combination would indicate a career commitment, a burden or responsibility that was placed on his shoulders.  This is still true.  It is not the focus of a cyclic chart, but it is clearly supportive and important.  This n/MC and n/Uranus mirrors the t/Uranus at the MC of the chart.  This is a doubling-up of the MC’s symbolism and clearly fits with the commitments made on this date.

In the following posts, other milestones in this man’s career will be looked at.

This post was delayed due to severe problems that occurred with my computer.  I had picked up a virus that prevented the entry of a password to access the computer.  The local PC repair shops didn’t wish to address this.  Several hours of work with rescue discs, made when the computer was received, enabled the files to be extracted and placed in a partition area of the hard disc.  Then Windows was stripped and re-installed, the files moved back.  Now, only the software applications had to be re-installed, e-mail addresses loaded back, and favorite sites re-listed.  The computer is now usable, but it will take some time to get all of the small stuff restored.  Dave.

Pope Francis: A Wolf In Sheep’s Clothing?

The new Pope, Francis, has made an initial impression on his Church and among the world’s citizens as being a pleasant man who lives his life in a humble manner, following the teachings of Christ as represented by the Catholic Church.  On April 13th of 2013, Pope Francis announced the formation of an international council of Cardinals to help him identify and suggest needed reforms within the Church.  Given the easily identifiable problems noted in the press over the past several years, these problems are numerous:  Sexual abuse of children, Covering up misdeeds of priests and bishops, and haunting rumours of the Church’s banking and financial dealings with distasteful institutions and characters within warring countries and criminal groups.

This action could be rife with dangerous political, legal and religious consequences and shows the courage of this quiet man.  We will look at the daily chart, derived from the 2012 p.c. Solar Return, for the date of this announcement.  We will also delve into some deeper investigation of this type of chart than is typically done at this blog-site.  To do this, I will make use of one of RIYAL’s software features.

t/Neptune at the Desc. angle suggests that the Pope is sharing or promulgating a vision or ideal with others.  Playing astrological hopscotch, we note n/Neptune in the first house squaring t/Jupiter in the 10th; The Pope’s personal vision and sense of personal ideals is now the Church’s ideals and will be challenged by the enlargement of those ideals/visions as they become the goals of the Church and need to be managed.

t/Moon at the MC (3 degrees) represents the publicity and the people (of the Church) who are most affected by this announcement and the problems to be resolved.  Astrological hopscotch takes us to the n/Moon & n/Venus in the 6th; this effort will require balance and effort/work to accomplish.

Is this all of the angular symbolism (so important in these cyclic charts) to consider?  No!  We will now utilize one of RIYAL’s (the software used for this charting of Solar Returns and Progressed Daily Angles charts) most important features — the Hit List — shown below.

Riyal can produce an annual listing of the Solar Return’s progressed MC and Asc. angles, Progressed Moon, RAMC position, and listing of natal, solar return and transiting planets that are contacted by each day’s angles. Take particular note of the April 13, 2013 data indicated by the shaded horizontal row.  On this day, and the next day, the Solar Return Venus (1:49 Sag) will be on the daily chart’s IC angle, the Solar Return Moon (5:05 Pisces) will be at the daily chart’s Desc. angle.  These positions bring the Solar Return’s Venus and Moon symbolism forward into this day’s announcement.  

In the S/R, t/Venus squared t/Moon from the 8th to the 12th:  the resources and balance of values (Venus) looked after by the church (8th house symbolism) is challenged (the square aspect) by the popular vision (Moon, Neptune in the 12th) (and all other forms of interpretations for this pairing in the twelfth house).  The purpose, the life mission of this man is to bring harmony and religious ideals to the people.  He intends to impose his vlaues and vision for the church upon the church.  This is a very serious man on a mission.  He will not be a care-taker post.  He may be 77 years of age, but he is very young in his mind.

There are complete instructions provided in this blog for the downloading, calculation and use of Juan Revilla’s free-to-use and free-to-download RIYAL for Windows software.  You are encouraged to use this software and these methods for use in your own predictive work.  Dave.

A Pope Of Another Color

The last Pope resigned, perhaps due to age, perhaps due to difficulties encountered. If nothing else, the Roman Church is a big institution to run.  Add a bureaucracy that is highly political, a shrinking revenue base due to a shrinking membership, a sex abuse scandal that has not been addressed and banking reforms to rid the Vatican of past mafia ties (or rumours of such) and all of the travel and constant flow of new issues arising — is it any wonder that the job of Pope could be seen as overwhelming?  Along comes a new Pope, one of another color as they say.  “Un-Popish” in so many ways, one of a quiet demeanor who  breaks many conventions.  Over the coming months we will have time and occasion to examine events and demonstrations of his character.  For now, the election of Pope Francis will be addressed using his precession-corrected Solar Return and Progressed Daily Angles chart for the date of his election.

Of most immediate notice is n/MC opposite sr/MC and n/Asc opposite sr/Asc. angles.  Whenever we find an angular realignment or reversal, we have a strong indication of a major life event/experience coming soon. From the book, Personal Prediction, I quote for n/MC opp. sr/MC, “This angular contact is associated with you making changes in your home environment and/or family circles, or in re-assessing your resources and their usage, or ind adopting a new set of core values, or in making deep plans for change. This contact can also suggest a time of challenge when seemingly “fated” or unexpected external conditions change home-family-resource issues significantly–job loss/gain, moving financial changes, etc.”  

Combine this with S/R Desc. conjoined with n/Asc., “You can expect others to plaly a new role in your life or for them to ask you about your willingness to change your relationship with them.  This can apply to romance, work, social and club interactions, partnerships or even the “classical” enemies associated with the angle.  Both your life and their life will become entwined based on any planets involved.”

As we can see from these book references, the recombination of natal and solar return angles is a very strong interpretive tool. Further, the classical “success” signature of Jupiter-MC-Pluto is seen at the MC angle of this Solar Return.  This is all that the astrologer has to look at in this relocated chart.  This man will have a significant year ahead of him where his “success” plays a vital role in the shape of his life. 

 This chart is as equally notable as was the p.c. Solar Return, except that it is notable for the lack of overwhelming symbolism.   This, in itself, tells us something important.  What angular activity there is to be found will tell us what is important on this date.  We find t/Venus and t/Moon at the Desc. angle.  Period.  Nothing else is angular.

t/Venus, t/Moon at the Desc.; one’s likeability and sensitivity towards others is of paramount importance on this date.  Given the gathering of Cardinals in Rome following the resignation of the previous Pope, the context of life for this man (as well as the other Cardinals) is clear.  His basic character and life was exceptionally well-received by the others.  He was apparently the right person for the the position of Pope as seen by the other Cardinals for this time in the Church’s history.

In these cyclic charts, we read the angles of the chart.  Whatever is shown there becomes the basis for our interpretation.  Even a minimal amount of symbolism is enough to give us a clear answer.  The p.c. Solar Return was an overwhelming example of angular contacts and symbolism at the angles.  The Progressed Daily Angles chart was a clear example of how minimal symbolism can be trusted to clearly depict the situation of the day.

Dave.